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Stationary Memories: Renaming railway stations in cosmopolitan Mumbai

Aditya Sah

Based on themes discussed during the X-Student Research Group course on ‘Public Memory: Rethinking the Future of Memory Spaces,’ my presentation will look at railway stations as public spaces, whose identities as memory spaces will be investigated. I will touch upon some concepts dealing with public spaces, choosing a few from a wide array ranging from the concept of ‘third space’ as theorised by Homi K. Bhabha to ‘liminal space’ and ‘non-places’ by Marc Augé, ‘junkspaces’ by Rem Koolhaas and ‘other spaces’ and ‘heterotopias’ by Michel Foucault. The presentation will begin with a brief observation of Berlin’s metro stations as public art spaces, whose artistic and aesthetic attributes have undergone various degrees of public intervention. The creative attributes would range from public art in the metro stations such as station signage and sculptures to aesthetic digital trends such as social media photos and dance performances. This would be followed by the crux of the presentation dwelling upon the memory culture of railway stations. To elucidate the trends, various instances from railway stations in Berlin and Bombay (Mumbai) would be highlighted, most significant amongst them, the renaming of particular railway stations. In the case of Berlin, U-Bahnhof M-Straße will be looked at, while in the case of Mumbai, the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (former Victoria Terminus) will serve as a case study. Both these stations lie on the central axes and in the central districts of their respective metropolitan cities, and thus shape the collective memory of people traversing through these spaces, local residents and foreign tourists alike. Additionally, the renaming of both the stations has a colonial historical background to it, while in some cases, also a rising nationalist tinge to it. Thus, by combining aspects of art, architecture and aesthetics, (anti-)colonialism and nationalism, and heritage and memory studies, this presentation would contribute to the canon of memory culture and collective memory of railway stations, which could also be looked at as significant third spaces.